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[vc_row type=”vc_default” bg_type=”bg_color” bg_override=”full” css=”.vc_custom_1495359777011{margin-bottom: -70px !important;padding-top: 30px !important;padding-bottom: 40px !important;}” bg_color_value=”#f7f7f7″][vc_column]

SOLICITAR ESTUDIO<\/span><\/a><\/div>[\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]Estudios gen\u00e9ticos<\/strong> por Paneles NGS<\/strong>
\nPanel de Eritrocitosis Cong\u00e9nita \/ Policitemia Familiar (C\u00f3digo 10050)<\/strong><\/p>\n

La policitemia familiar o eritrocitosis cong\u00e9nita <\/strong>es un trastorno hematol\u00f3gico hereditario, que se caracteriza por una elevada masa absoluta de gl\u00f3bulos rojos causada por una producci\u00f3n incontrolada de gl\u00f3bulos rojos. La prevalencia es desconocida. El trastorno hematol\u00f3gico est\u00e1 presente desde el nacimiento pero los s\u00edntomas cl\u00ednicos, en caso de desarrollarse, pueden descubrirse en cualquier momento durante la infancia o la edad adulta. Los s\u00edntomas cl\u00ednicos incluyen dolor de cabeza, mareos, epistaxis y disnea de esfuerzo.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

En la policitemia primaria familiar ni en la policitemia secundaria no hay una propensi\u00f3n a la transformaci\u00f3n leuc\u00e9mica o al desarrollo de otras neoplasias mieloproliferativas, pero est\u00e1n asociadas a un alto riesgo de trombosis y mortalidad vascular en la edad adulta (Cario, 2005).<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Las manifestaciones hematol\u00f3gicas incluyen la presencia de una eritrocitosis aislada sin evoluci\u00f3n hacia una leucemia u otros trastornos mieloproliferativos, ausencia de esplenomegalia, recuento normal de gl\u00f3bulos blancos y de plaquetas, y bajos niveles de EPO en suero (en policitemia familiar primaria) o normales o altos (en policitemias familiares secundarias).<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

El diagn\u00f3stico diferencial incluye la policitemia vera (PV) que puede excluirse en base a la ausencia de mutaciones en el gen JAK2 <\/em>(9p24).<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

La policitemia familiar<\/strong> est\u00e1 causada por mutaciones en diferentes genes:<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

La policitemia familiar primaria <\/strong>o Eritrocitosis familiar tipo 1 es debida a mutaciones en el gen del receptor de la EPO (EPOR<\/em><\/strong>;19p13.3-p13.2). Las mutaciones en EPOR conllevan una hipersensibilidad a la EPO y provocan que el receptor est\u00e9 constantemente activado para estimular la producci\u00f3n de gl\u00f3bulos rojos a partir de c\u00e9lulas progenitoras eritroides, impidiendo que haya un mecanismo de desactivaci\u00f3n. La herencia es generalmente autos\u00f3mica dominante aunque se han registrado casos espor\u00e1dicos. Se han descrito por lo menos 14 mutaciones en familias no emparentadas (single families<\/em>). El diagn\u00f3stico se basa en la evidencia de encontrar familiares con eritrocitosis aislada sin esplenomegalia, bajos niveles de EPO en suero, afinidad normal de la hemoglobina por el ox\u00edgeno y progenitores eritroides en la m\u00e9dula \u00f3sea que exhiben una hipersensibilidad a la EPO.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

La policitemia asociada al s\u00edndrome de Von Hippel-Lindau o Policitemia de Chuvash<\/strong> o Eritrocitosis familiar tipo 2 es debida a mutaciones en el gen VHL (3p25). Es un trastorno autos\u00f3mico recesivo caracterizado por aumento de la masa de gl\u00f3bulos rojos, aumento de los niveles s\u00e9ricos de eritropoyetina (EPO) y afinidad normal al ox\u00edgeno. La eritrocitosis familiar-2 tiene caracter\u00edsticas tanto de eritrocitosis primaria como secundaria (Prchal, 2005).<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

La eritrocitosis familiar tipo 3<\/strong> es un trastorno autos\u00f3mico dominante debido a mutaciones en el gen EGLN1 (1q42). Los niveles de EPO en estos pacientes son inapropiadamente normales (Ladroue et al., 2008).<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

La eritrocitosis familiar tipo 4 <\/strong>es un trastorno autos\u00f3mico dominante caracterizado por el aumento de la masa s\u00e9rica de gl\u00f3bulos rojos y la concentraci\u00f3n de hemoglobina y eritropoyetina (EPO) s\u00e9rica elevada. Es debido a mutaciones en el gen EPAS1 (2p21) que codifica para la prote\u00edna HIF2A (Percy et al., 2008).<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Referencias<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  • Cario, H. Childhood polycythemias\/erythrocytoses: classification, diagnosis, clinical presentation, and treatment. Ann. Hematol. 84: 137-145, 2005. [PubMed: 15599750]<\/li>\n
  • de la Chapelle, A., Sistonen, P., Lehvaslaiho, H., Ikkala, E., Juvonen, E. Familial erythrocytosis genetically linked to erythropoietin receptor gene. Lancet 341: 82-84, 1993. [PubMed: 8093406]<\/li>\n
  • Ladroue, C., Carcenac, R., Leporrier, M., Gad, S., Le Hello, C., Galateau-Salle, F., Feunteun, J., Pouyssegur, J., Richard, S., Gardie, B. PHD2 mutation and congenital erythrocytosis with paraganglioma. New. Eng. J. Med. 359: 2685-2692, 2008. [PubMed: 19092153]<\/li>\n
  • Pastore, Y., Jedlickova, K., Guan, Y., Liu, E., Fahner, J., Hasle, H., Prchal, J. F., Prchal, J. T. Mutations of von Hippel-Lindau tumor-suppressor gene and congenital polycythemia. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 73: 412-419, 2003. Note: Erratum: Am. J. Hum. Genet. 74: 598 only, 2004. [PubMed: 12844285]<\/li>\n
  • Percy, M. J., Furlow, P. W., Beer, P. A., Lappin, T. R. J., McMullin, M. F., Lee, F. S. A novel erythrocytosis-associated PHD2 mutation suggests the location of a HIF binding groove. Blood 110: 2193-2196, 2007. [PubMed: 17579185]<\/li>\n
  • Percy, M. J., Furlow, P. W., Lucas, G. S., Li, X., Lappin, T. R. J., McMullin, M. F., Lee, F. S. A gain-of-function mutation in the HIF2A gene in familial erythrocytosis. New Eng. J. Med. 358: 162-168, 2008. [PubMed: 18184961]<\/li>\n
  • Prchal, J. T. Polycythemia vera and other primary polycythemias. Curr. Opin. Hemat. 12: 112-116, 2005. [PubMed: 15725900]<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    \u00a0<\/strong>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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